Sotolone – Caramel furanone
Caramel furanone (also called sotolon ) is an extremely fragrant substance with a sweet, caramel-like odor.
CAS Number : 28664-35-9
Scent profile : Extremely sweet, with notes of caramel, maple syrup, burnt sugar, coffee and at higher doses even curry or fenugreek
Fragrance Strength : Very strong – one of the most intense fragrances in perfumery and food
Fragrance duration : up to 400 hours on fragrance strip
Recommended dosage : In perfumes: 0.003% to 0.5% (average 0.05%) in dipropylene glycol
💡 Remarkable : Caramel furanone is one of the few fragrances that retains an identical odor character in both perfume and food.
It is a key molecule in mimicking maple syrup, butterscotch, and even aged rum.
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In perfumery, Caramel Furanone (Sotolon) is used as a potent gourmand note. It’s perfect for building warm, sweet, edible accords like caramel, coffee, maple syrup, and burnt sugar.
- Typical dosage: 0.003% to 0.5% in dipropylene glycol
- Applications:
- Gourmand perfumes (e.g., chocolate, vanilla, toffee)
- Coffee or rum accords
- Autumnal or nostalgic blends
- Blends well with: Maltol, ethyl maltol, tonka bean, patchouli, labdanum, musk
- Tip: Use sparingly – it’s extremely strong and can easily dominate a formula
Odor Profile of Caramel Furanone (Sotolon)
- Overall scent: Very sweet, warm, gourmand
- Top notes: Maple syrup, cotton candy, brown sugar
- Heart notes: Caramel, burnt sugar, coffee, molasses
- Base notes: Fenugreek, curry, roasted nuts (at higher doses)
- Strength: Extremely potent – detectable at trace levels
- Detection threshold: < 1 ppb – highly odor-active
- Character: Warm, spicy-sweet, slightly nutty
- Similar molecules: Maltol, ethyl maltol, cyclotene
- Applications: Gourmand perfumes, coffee accords, autumnal blends, food flavoring
- Natural sources: Fenugreek seed, molasses, roasted coffee, white wine, sake
IFRA: According to the latest data (51st IFRA Amendment), Caramel Furanone (CAS 28664-35-9) has no specific IFRA restrictions for use in fragrance applications.
It is permitted in all IFRA categories, provided it is used within safe concentration limits.
For higher dosages or sensitive applications (e.g., lip care or baby products), a new safety evaluation may be required
Technical Datasheet (TDS) of Caramel Furanone (CAS 28664-35-9)
| Characteristic | 🇳🇱 Dutch | 🇬🇧 English | 🇩🇪 German |
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name | 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one | 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one | 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one |
| CAS number | 28664-35-9 | 28664-35-9 | 28664-35-9 |
| FEMA number | 3634 | 3634 | 3634 |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow oily liquid | Colorless to pale yellow oily liquid | Farbless with bright yellow fluidity |
| Fragrance Profile / Odor | Sweet, caramel, coffee, maple syrup, fenugreek | Sweet, caramel, coffee, maple syrup, fenugreek | Süß, Karamell, Kaffee, Ahornsirup, Bockshornklee |
| Solubility / Solubility | Soluble in alcohol, good in propylene glycol | Soluble in alcohol, highly in propylene glycol | Loose in alcohol, gut in propylene glycol |
| Specific gravity | 1.032 – 1.052 @ 25 °C | 1.032 – 1.052 @ 25 °C | 1.032 – 1.052 at 25 °C |
| Refractive index | 1.429 – 1.439 @ 20 °C | 1.429 – 1.439 @ 20 °C | 1.429 – 1.439 at 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | Approx. 184 °C | Approx. 184 °C | Approx. 184 °C |
| Flash Point | >100 °C (closed cup) | >100 °C (closed cup) | >100 °C (geschlossener Tiegel) |
| Fragrance strength | Very powerful – use only in small amounts | Very strong – use only traces | Sehr stark – nur in Spuren verwenden |
| Recommended dosage | Max. 0.5% in perfumes, 5–50 ppm in food | Max. 0.5% in perfumes, 5–50 ppm in food | Max. 0.5% in perfumes, 5–50 ppm in Lebensmitteln |
| Storage | Cool, dry, light-free, preferably under nitrogen | Cool, dry, dark; nitrogen blanket preferred | Kühl, trocken,lichtgeschützt; possible under stickstoff |
| Shelf life | Stored correctly for at least 12 months | Minimum 12 months if properly stored | Mindestens 12 Monate bei correct Lagerung |
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